This formula due to Bailey-Borwein-Plouffe is discovered by using integer relation algorithm PSLQ. They searched for integer relations between the quantities
,
and found the above relation. Finding the relation is the harder part, proving it is easy.
Proof:
Therefore,
We get
Similar formula for
Quest for Pi: https://www.davidhbailey.com//dhbpapers/pi-quest.pdf
PSLQ Algorithm: https://www.davidhbailey.com/dhbpapers/pslq-comp-alg.pdf
BBP Formula: https://www.experimentalmath.info/bbp-codes/bbp-alg.pdf